UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ)
A. VOCABULARY

New words	Meaning	Picture	Example
archaeology [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi] (n)	khảo cổ học		Josh is interested in archaeology. Josh có hứng thú với khảo cổ học
discover [dis'kʌvə] (v)	khám phá		You will be fascinated to discover about the city’s history. Bạn sẽ thấy thích thú khi khám phá lịch sử thành phố này.
enormous [i'nɔ:məs] (adj)	to lớn, khổng lồ		He spent an enormous amount of time on that project. Anh ấy dành một lượng lớn thời gian cho dự án đó.
explorer [iks'plɔ:rə]	người thám hiểm		Jim dreams of becoming an explorer in the future. Jim mơ ước trở thành một nhà thám hiểm trong tương lai.
field [fi:ld] (n)	ngành, khía cạnh		She is well-known in the field of music. Cô ấy nổi tiếng trong lĩnh vực âm nhạc.
invent [in'vent] (v)	phát minh, sáng chế		The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison. Bóng đèn được phát minh bởi Thomas Edison.
patent ['peitnt] (n)	bằng sang chế		He obtained a patent on his new product last year. Anh ấy đã lấy được bằng sáng chế cho sản phẩm mới năm ngoái.
precise [pri'sais] (adj)	rõ ràng và chính xác.		Can you tell me the precise time of the meeting? Bạn có thể nói cho tôi biết thời gian chính xác của buổi họp được không?
role [rəul] (n)	vai trò		Jane plays an important role in her club. Jane có vai trò quan trọng trong câu lạc bộ của cô ấy.
science ['saiəns] (n)	khoa học		John wants to become a science student. John muốn trở thành một sinh viên ngành khoa học.
steam engine [ ˈsti:m endʒɪn ]	đầu máy hơi nước		Who invented the steam engine? Ai đã phát minh ra đầu máy xe lửa?
technique [tek'ni:k] (n)	kỹ thuật		His technique has improved a lot. Kĩ thuật của anh ấy đã tiến bộ rất nhiều.
transform [træns'fɔ:m] (v)	biến đổi		My village has transformed into a modern city. Làng tôi đã biến đổi thành một thành phố hiện đại.
yield [ji:ld] (n,v)	sản lượng		This year we have a high crop yield. Năm nay chúng ta có sản lượng vụ mùa cao.

B. GRAMMAR.
I. ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE TESES)

Thì	Cấu trúc	Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Tương lai đơn	(+) S + will + V(infinitve) + O (-) S + won’t+ V(infinitve) + O (?) Will + S + V(infinitve) + O ?	tomorrow next week/month/year in the future in + thời gian trong tương lai
Tương lai tiếp diễn	(+) S + will + be + V-ing + O (-) S + won’t + be + V-ing + O (+) Will + S +be + V-ing + O ?	At this time tomorrow/next week At 10 o’clock tomorrow Thời gian xác định tại một thời điểm trong tương lai

Bài 1: Viết lại cụm từ gạch chân trong mỗi câu dưới đây ở dạng thì tương lai đơn (will + V) hoặc thì tương lai tiếp diễn (will be + V-ing) sao cho phù hợp.
1. Don’t call me at 10 o’clock. I will be flyingto Spain.
2. I suppose we will stayat a hotel next summer.
3. Come to see me in the afternoon. Iwill be working in the garden.
4. Do you think itwill snow at the weekend?
5. Is the coat O.K ?- Yes, Iwill takeit
6. This time on Sunday we will be skiingin France.
7. I don’t know if I will stay here. Perhaps I will moveto a big city one day.
8. Every studentwill be using/will use a computer in the future.
Bài 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì tương lai đơn hoặc thì tương lai tiếp diễn sao cho phù hợp.
1. I can buy it for you. I (shop)­­­­­­­­­­­­­will be shoppingin the afternoon anyway.
2. Is Bill at school? – No, he isn’t. I suppose he (come) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will come
3. I hope Simon (be) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will bethere.
4. Did you remember to invite Mrs. Oates? – Oh, no! I forgot. But I (call) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will callher now.
5. I’ll have a holiday next week. I (not get up) will not be getting up/will not get upat 6 o’clock as usual.
6. You are so late! Everybody (work)will be working when you arrive at the office.
7. Be careful or the cars (knock) will knockyou down.
8. We (move) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will be movingour house this time tomorrow.
9. He (play) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will be playingtennis at 7.30. He usually starts at 7 o’clock. Could you come before that?
10. Your suitcase is so big. I (take) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­will takeit for you.
Bài 3: Dựa vào gợi ý, dùng thì tương lai đơn hoặc tương lai tiếp diễn để viết các câu hỏi dưới đây.
1. I am not sure if I can offer this room. Will our guest like it?
2. Can I borrow your laptop tonight? Will you be using it at about 9 o’clock?
3. We arrive in Aberdeen at 1 o’clock. Will we have time for lunch?
4. The show starts at 8. Please, will you drive me there?
5. Your journey will be so long. How will you be spending your timewhile you are on the train?
6. I’ve just missed the train. Howwill I get to school?
7. I’d like to see your project. If I come at 4.30, will you be working on it?
8. If your teacher ask you,will you translate the text?
9. What will you be doingwhile I am cleaning the windows?
10. Will you take a taxi if the coach is booked?
II. CÂU GIÁN TIẾP (REPORTED SPEECH)
1.  Định nghĩa.

Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
- Câu trực tiếp (Direct Speech) là chính xác lời của ai đó. Chúng ta thường dùng dấu “ ” để trích dẫn lời nói trực tiếp. - Câu tường thuật (hay còn gọi là câu gián tiếp) là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp do một người khác phát biểu.	- They said, “We will visit her”. (Direct Speech) →They said (that) they would visit her. (Reported Speech/ Indirect Speech)

2. Câu trần thuật gián tiếp (Reported Statement)
Khi muốn thay đổi một câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang 1 câu trần thuật gián tiếp, chúng ta dùng động từ ‘say/tell’ để giới thiệu. Đồng thời cần áp dụng các quy tắc sau:
a. Thay đổi thì của động từ.
* Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại (say/tell) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp giữ nguyên thì trong câu trực tiếp.
Ví dụ: “ I always drink coffee in the morning”, she says
→ She says that she always drinks coffee in the morning.
* Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said/told) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp cần thay đổi như sau:

Thì trong lời nói trực tiếp	Thì trong lời nói gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn “I like sciences”	→ Quá khứ đơn. He said (that) he liked sciences
Hiện tại tiếp diễn “I am staying for a few days”	→Quá khứ tiếp diễn She said (that) she was staying for a few days.
Hiện tại hoàn thành “Nick has left”	→ Quá khứ hoàn thành She said (that) Nick had left
Quá khứ đơn “Nick left this morning”	→ Quá khứ hoàn thành She told me (that) Nick had left that morning
Quá khứ tiếp diễn “I was doing my homework”	→ Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn She said (that) she was doing her homework /She had been doing her homework
Will “Man will travel to Mars”	→Would He said (that) man would travel to Mars.
Can “We can swim”	→ Could They told us (that) they could swim.
May “We may live on the moon”	→Might He said (that) they might live on the moon.

b. Đổi ngôi của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sở hữu.

Trong lời nói trực tiếp	Trong lời nói gián tiếp
I	→ he/she
we	→ they
you	→ I/he/she
my	→ his/her
our	→ their
your	→ my/his/her
mine	→ his/hers
ours	→ theirs

c. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn.

Trạng từ trong câu trực tiếp	Trạng từ trong câu gián tiếp
now	→then
today	→that day
here	→there
this week	→that week
tomorrow	→the following day/the next day
yesterday	→the day before/the previous day
last month	→the month before/the previous month
tonight	→that night
ago	→before
next week	→the following week/the week after
these	→those

Ví dụ:
He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 4: Chọn từ thích hợp trong hộp dưới đây rồi điền vào chỗ trống.

There	the following day	two hours	before	my	the previous week
then	the day before	that evening	that night	that	her

1.  “I like this pair of shoes”. →She said (that) she liked that pair of shoes.
2. “Our plane lands tonight”→ They said their plane landed that night
3.  “I saw Jane yesterday”→ He told me that she had seen Janethe day before
4. “I have met your father”→ Dan told me that he had met myfather
5. “I am going to the cinema this evening”→ Sara told me that she was going to the cinema that evening
6. “Paul took his driving licence last week”→ Paul told me he had taken his driving licence the previous week.
7. “This girl is my sister”→ She said to me that that girl was hersister.
8. “I like the way they cook here”→ Tina said that she liked the way they cookedthere.
9. “She won’t arrive tomorrow”→ Sandra said that she wouldn’t arrive the following day.
10. “Henry phoned Lara two hours ago”→ Henry told me that Lara had phoned before.
11. “I am watching TV now”→ Mum said that she was watching TV then.
Bài 5: Điền vào chỗ trống từ phù hợp “said” hoặc “told”
1. He told me a nice story.
2. Sarah  said to her mum that she was sick.
3. We said that we were going to leave that night.
4. Paul said his books were missing.
5. She said  that she would take the dog out that night.
6. Brian said that he had moved to Canada the week before.
7. Dan told Lara to stop spending so much money.
8. Our teacher told us that Christopher Columbus had discovered had discovered America.
9. He said they would arrive the following day.
10. Theytold her to come early.
11. Fiona said to Kate that she had bought a nice skirt the day before.
12. I was sure that hetold  the truth.
Bài 6: Đọc ví dụ và viết các câu gián tiếp ở thì hiện tại cho các câu dưới đây.
Ví dụ: “I am waiting for you”→ Mary says to Peter she is waiting for him.
‘I am asking your help’.
1. Mary says to Peter she is asking his help
2. Paul says to Jenny he is asking her help
3. I say to you I am asking your help
4. You say to meyou are asking my help
5. Jane says to the boysshe is asking their help
‘We bought you some books yesterday’
6. They say to us they bought us some books the day before/the previous day.
7. Sarah says to the childrenthey bought them some books the day before/the previous day.
8. Mary says to Peterthey bought him some books the day before/the previous day.
9. You say to me you bought me some books the day before/the previous day.
10. I say to you we bought you some books he day before/the previous day.
Bài 7: Các câu trực tiếp dưới đây đã được chuyển thành câu gián tiếp. Hãy đọc, gạch chân và sửa lỗi sai có trong mỗi câu.
1. “I am not going to tolerate this anymore ”, said Sarah.
Sarah said she was not going to tolerate that anymore.
2. “You have always been my friend”, said Joe.
Joe said I had always beenhis friend.
3. “We never eat meat”, claimed Bill
Bill claimed that they  never atemeat
4. “I will talk to Sam soon,” she told me on Sunday.
She told me on Sunday she would talk to Sam sonn.
5. “Mary used to exercise everyday,” he said.
He said Mary used to exercise every day.
6. “I wish I was twenty years younger,”said Linda.
Linda said she wished she was twenty years younger.
7. “Answer the phone!”he told me.
He told me to answerthe phone
8. “Where is Alex?” she asked me.
She asked me where Alexwas
Bài 8: Hoàn thành các câu gián tiếp dưới đây.
1. Mr. Miller said, ‘I can’t come to the meeting on Sunday’
Mr. Miller said (that) he couldn’t come to the meeting on Sunday.
2. Mary said, ‘I’m feeling ill’
Mary said (that) she was feeling ill.
3. Your brother said, ‘I like chocolate’
Your brother said (that) he liked chocolate.
4. My brother said, ‘I’m going to learn to cook’
My brother said (that) he was going to learn to cook.
5. He said, ‘I’ll learn English online tomorrow’
He said (that)he would learn English online the next day.
6. My cousin said, ‘I’m not enjoying my job very much recently’
My cousin said (that) he wasn’t enjoying his job very much recently.
7. My parents said, ‘We’ll phone you when we get back’
My parents said (that) they would phone me when they got back.
8. Susan said, ‘You don’t know what Bob is doing’
Susan said (that)you/I didn’t know what Bob was doing.
9. She said, ‘I’ll tell dad I saw you’
She said (that) she would tell dad she had seen you/me.
10. He said, ‘I have got a toothache’
He said (that)he had got a toothache.
11. He said, ‘I have passed the physical test’
He said (that) he had passed the physical test.
12. Safia said, ‘I went to Italy last year’
Safia said (that) she had gone to Italy the previous year.
13. Kevin said, ‘I had a great weekend’
Kevin said (that) he had had a great weekend.
14. Mehrzad said, “I’m going to start my own photography business next month.”
Mehrzad said (that)she was going to start her own photography business the following month.
15. Alex said, “I finished university in June”
Alex said (that) he had finished university in June.
16. Safia said, “I have studied photography”
Safia said (that) she had studied photography.
17. Maria said, “I will bring you a scarf from India”
Maria said (that) she would bring me a scarf from India.
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 9: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì tương lai đơn hoặc thì tương lai tiếp diễn để hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. I’m that next year this city (look)will be lookingmuch better.
2. They (have to) will have tochange their diet if they want to keep fit.
3. I (not do)won’t dothat if he doesn’t apologize to me.
4. I can’t go out with you, but I (make)will makeit up to you.
5. At 10 p.m I (go) will goto bed to get some rest.
6. I (not do)won’t be doinganything till Monday.
7. You can visit me tomorrow. I (not do)won’t be doinganything important.
8. Can I borrow your car? Sure, I (not use)won’t be usingit until Friday.
9. At 11 p.m I (sleep)will be sleeping.
10. You should recognize her easily. She (wear) will be wearing a red skirt.
11. I wish I could visit you, but I (manage) will be managinga very important project.
12. She (not come) won’t comewith us, I’m sure.
13. I (help)will helpyou as soon as I finish this project.
14. He (not be able) won’t be ableto carry such a heavy bag.
15. I think he (find) will findthis work more interesting when he grows up.
16. This time next month I (enjoy)will be enjoyingthe holidays.
17. Hold on, I (give) will giveyou a gift.
18. He (give) will be givingme 20$ a day during my stay.
19. I suppose the weather (be) will begood.
20. We (leave) will leavethis house as soon as possible.
Bài 10: Khoanh tròn vào phương án đúng.
1. Customer in restaurant: Waiter, this place is dirty.
Waiter: I’m sorry, sir, I _________________ (bring) you another.

A. will bring

B. will be bringing

C. A &B

2. It’s beginning to get dark; the street lights ________ (go) on in a few minutes.

A. will go

B. will be going

C. A & B

3. Let’s wait here; the swing bridge __________(open) in a minute to let that ship through.

A. will open

B. will be opening

C. A & B

4. Guest: May I use your phone to ring for a taxi?
Hostess: Oh, there’s no need for that; my son __________(drive) you home.

A.will drive

B. will be driving

C. A & B

5. A: Before you leave the office you _________ (hand) the keys of the safe to Mr Pitt. Do you understand?
B: Yes, sir.

A. will hand

B. will be handing

C. A & B

6. Are you nearly ready? Our guests __________ (arrive) any minute.

A. will arrive

B. will be arriving

C. A & B

7. Loudspeaker announcement: The ship __________ (leave) in a few minutes and all persons not travelling are asked to go ashore.

A. will leave

B. will be leaving

C. A & B

8. You ought to try to get a ticket for the Spectators’ Gallery next week; they _______ (debate) international fishing rights.

A. will debate

B. will be debating

C. A & B

9. A: You’ve left the light o.
B: Oh, so I have. I _______ (go) and turn it off.

A. will go

B. will be going

C. A & B

10. I’ve been appointed assistant at the local library. The you ___________ (work) under my sister. She is head librarian there.

A. will work

B. will be working

C. A& B

Bài 11: Đọc đoạn văn và trả lời câu hỏi dưới đây.
Ultralight Airplanes
An ultralight airplane is very different from a conventional airplane. It looks like a lawn chair with wings, weighs no more than 254 pounds, flies up to 60 miles an hour, and carries about 5 gallons of fuel. Most ultralights are sold as kits and take about 40 hours to assemble. Flying an ultralight is so easy that a pilot with no experience can fly one. Accidents are rarely fatal or even serious because the ultralight lands so slowly and gently and carries so little fuel. Some models now have parachutes attached, while others have parachute packs which pilots can wear.
1. According to the passage, pilots_______.
A. prefer to fly with ultralights rather than with regular aircraft.
B. can weigh up to 250 pounds, depending on the model of the ultralight airplane.
C. don’t think that their ultralight airplanes are simple to use.
D. are reluctant to put their ultralights together.
E. don’t need a special training to fly an ultralight airplane.
Dẫn chứng: “Flying an ultralight is so easy that a pilot with no experience can fly one”
2. We learn from the passage that an ultralight airplane_________.
A. provides the only opportunity to fly affordably.
B. doesn’t fly very well it it weighs less than 254 pounds.
C. is inexpensive but difficult to fly.
D. can be put together in a short time.
Dẫn chứng: “Most ultralights are sold as kits and take about 40 hours to assemble”
E. is only permitted to be used for private recreational flying.
3. It is pointed out in the reading that _______________
A. there is more risk involved in flying ultralight aeroplanes than in flying general aviation aircraft.
B. ultralight airplanes can remain airborne for more than an hour.
C. the risk of injury to a passenger in an ultralight airplane is very low.
Dẫn chứng: “Accidents are rarely fatal or even serious because the ultralight lands so slowly and gently and carries so little fuel. some models now have parachutes attached, while others have parachute packs which pilots can wear.”
D. the gear an ultralight airplane carries can be more fragile than traditional equipment.
E. people who fly ultralights don’t need a license.